Confounding means perplexing and amazing. Two similar words to confounding are dumbfounding and astounding. "The man walking down the street wearing a giant chicken-suit was a confounding sight."
Sources of internal invalidity in research studies include confounding variables, selection bias, measurement bias, and researcher bias. These factors can affect the internal validity of the study results and make it difficult to draw accurate conclusions about the relationship between variables.
Read Genesis 11:1-9, tells of the confounding of language and the scattering of the peoples to various parts of the earth.
Drinking
Allows for potential confounding
Yes.
confounding variable
In statistics a confounding variable is one which can give rise to spurious correlations. For example, my age is fairly well correlated with the number of television sets in the UK. This is not because my getting older sells more TV sets, nor is it because the sale of TV sets makes me grow older. The real reason is that both these are correlated with time and, as the years pass, both increase. So, time is the confounding variable which gives rise to an apparent relationship between TV sets and my age. Confounding variables can have serious effects when statistical methods are being used to develop a cause-and-effect model. In truth, there may be no direct causal relationship, only two independent relationships with a third variable - the confounding factor.
To eliminate confounding variables, or variables that were not controlled and damaged the validity of the experiment by affecting the dependent and independent variable, the experimenter should plan ahead. They should run many checks before actually running an experiment.
jewlrey, medications, movement, lead placement, metal buttons,
perplexing beffudling confounding confusing mystifying puzzling
independently associated means TRUELY associated without any confounding factors.