There are a number of stresses inflicted upon bridges. Some of these stresses include compression, tension, as well as bending.
Milo Smith Ketchum has written: 'Strength of light I beams' -- subject(s): Girders, Strength of materials 'The design of highway bridges of steel, timber and concrete' 'The design of highway bridges and the calculation of stresses in bridge trusses' -- subject(s): Bridges 'Stresses in framed structures' -- subject(s): Strains and stresses, Iron and steel Building
Vernon Peter Jensen has written: 'Ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams as related to the plasticity ratio of concrete' -- subject(s): Reinforced concrete, Girders, Testing, Strains and stresses 'Highway slab-bridges with curbs' -- subject(s): Girders, Bridges, Concrete, Strains and stresses, Concrete Bridges 'Solutions of certain rectangular slabs continuous over flexible supports' -- subject(s): Girders, Bridges, Concrete, Strains and stresses, Concrete Bridges
Asim Yeginobali has written: 'Continuous skewed slabs' -- subject(s): Bridges, Concrete, Concrete Bridges, Elastic plates and shells, Strains and stresses
O. Henrici has written: 'Skeleton structures' -- subject(s): Bridges, Strains and stresses
George Charles Priester has written: 'Application of trigonometric series to able stress analysis in suspension bridges' -- subject(s): Strains and stresses, Suspension bridges
E C O. Erickson has written: 'Distribution of wheel loads on timber bridges' -- subject(s): Strength of materials, Strains and stresses, Live loads, Bridges
Harry Bamford has written: 'Moving loads on railway underbridges' -- subject(s): Accessible book, Bridges, Strains and stresses
Brian C Best has written: 'Abnormal loading on composite slab bridges [by] B.C. Best and R.E. Rowe' -- subject(s): Bridges, Concrete, Concrete Bridges, Strains and stresses, Testing 'Tests of a prestressed concrete bridge incorporating transverse mild-steel connectors' -- subject(s): Bridges, Concrete, Concrete Bridges, Models, Prestressed concrete, Testing
Thermal expansion and contraction can put huge stresses into a large structure such as a bridge. To minimise this effect, the rollers are designed to allow the end of the bridge to move with the expansion and contraction.
If you load it normal to the beam axis you get bending stresses ( tension and compression) and shear stresses. If you load it along the axis you get axial stress ( tension or compression)
Many bridges are NOT supported by a roller - however of those that NEED this type of design, if both ends were fixed solid - then as the bridge expanded and contracted with temperature, it would be forced to buckle in heat - or suffer extreme stresses when cooling - possibly to the point of structural failure and/or uprooting of the foundations of one or both sides.
Triangles and octet-trusses are used alot in bridges become they hold their shape well when subject to a variety of stresses. However hexagons and lorimerlite frameworks are used in different conditions, where they must resist only compression as opposed to a variety of stresses. Also the straight line is the best geometry for resisting tension, hence the use of steel cables.