They can be called many things:
1. A minority
2. A special interest group
3. Activists
4. Radicals
5. Extremists
6. Reformers
These terms apply to society and culture, but do not cover all the subgroups. For example, a group of scientists may make a discovery that goes against the grain of currently accepted beliefs. They can, as a group, work hard to get their ideas accepted by mainstream society. There aren't really large-scale categories that fit such groups other than that of visionary.
Steve Jobs was a visionary who, by advancing his ideas in the technological arena, changed the world we live in. Stephen Hawking, another visionary, is a brilliant astronomer/mathemetician/scientist whose thinking has also changed the world we live in. Mother Theresa, a visionary, had a huge impact on the world.
A subgroup of people seeking to advance their ideas is known as a faction.
A subgroup of people seeking to advance their ideas is known as a faction.
faction
The Aboriginal people of Australia belong to the subgroup that is referred to as Haplogroup R. This group is also found in Southeast Asia.
A group called the Turks.
An Aromanian is a member of a people living throughout the southern Balkans - a subgroup of Vlachs.
refugees
This is a form of the verb "to predominate" which means to be the most numerous subgroup in a group. "There are adherents to 35 different religions in our town, but Roman Catholicism predominates." That is to say, of the group of religious people in our town, the Roman Catholics are the largest subgroup.
laotian people are an ethnic subgroup of Tai/Dai in Southeast Asia. The vast majority of Lao people live in Loas.
Politicians seeking reelection (but, accurately, they don't believe it), and deluded paranoids.
The only people that get cash advance loans are people with bad credit.
Warhammer Ancient Battles, .rus designates slavic or northern Asian armies, a subgroup of people who play wargames