There are two primary sites that control color.
The agouti site and the extention site.
Extention controls whether black color can be expressed.
ee is chestnut (no black expression)
Ee and EE allow expression of black color
if the horse is Ee or EE at the extention site the amount of
black is controlled at the Agouti site.
AA or Aa restricts black color to the mane, tail, legs, rims of ears and nostrils
aa no restriction...horse is black
an ++ at the agouti site is wild type bay where the black on the legs ends well below the knees
At is believed to restrict black from muzzle and flanks
Additional variations in base color with counter shading, smuttiness, mealy controlled at other sites.
The answer for Howrse is Chestnut and Bay
the answer is Bay and chestnut for howrse and for reality
For Howrse Black and Red
Bay (light, dark...) and Grey (looks white) Actually, the two main color genes for horses is chestnut (red) and black. All horses- regardless of what other genes they have (creme, roan, etc.)- are either chestnut (red) or black at their base color. Not bay and grey. You can see the site in the related links explains all about the base colors, and what modifies them into other colors, like bay or grey. It says Morgan horses, but it goes for all breeds.
The two base colors for horses are chestnut and black. Both of these horses have both phaeomelanin (red pigment) and eumelanin (black pigment). The Agouti Locus pushes black pigment out to the horse's points, leaving only red pigment showing on the body. This causes bay, which is considered a third base color.
Red (AKA chestnut) and Black. In the related links you will find a page that can tell you a ton about the red and black genes, as well as how they work with other genes. *Note: it says Morgan horses, but it goes for all breeds*
eye colour and blood group
Identical twins. Although horses sometimes have twins I'm not sure if they have identical twins.
Perlino is a cream gene that is responsible for a number of horse coat colors. Horses with a chestnut base coat color and the cream gene will become palomino if they carry one cream gene, and will be cremello if they carry a pair of the cream genes.
Black (E) and red (e)
Depending on how they got identical genes, they may be clones (if it was done artificially, and they were born at different times), or if they were born at the same time, they could be identical twins. However, I don't think horses ever have twins.
No, it is not, but it is more common in these colour horses. It is called a wall eye if it is blue.