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Different types of computer have slightly different character sets. Many character sets
also have codes for control characters. These non-printing characters are used for
special purposes.
Examples of control characters are, end of record and end of file markers in a file,
carriage return and line feed for a printer, begin and end transmission with a modem and
cursor movement on a screen. Over the years, different computer designers have used
different sets of codes for representing characters, which has led to great difficulty in
transferring information from one computer to another. Most computers nowadays use
internationally agreed character sets. Unless the coding scheme (character set) is
standard, it will not be possible to exchange textual data between computers.
ASCII
___________(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely
used coding system to represent data.
ASCII is used on many personal computers and minicomputers.
ASCII is a 7-bit code that permits 27=128 distinct characters.
The 128 different combinations that can be represented in 7 bits are plenty to allow for
all the letters, numbers and special symbols. An eight bit was added. This allowed extra
128 characters to be represented. The extra 128 combinations are used for symbols
such as Ç ü è ©, ®, Æ, etc.
The codes for the alphabetical characters indicate their relative positions in the alphabet
in ASCII. This is known as collating sequence, thus, sorting textual items can be
transformed into sorting the corresponding character codes. Also, in ASCII, uppercase
characters, lowercase characters and digits etc, are grouped together. So it is easy to
map between upper and lower case characters.
ASCII
Value Character
ASCII
Value Character
ASCII
Value Character
ASCII
Value Character
000 NUL 032 blank 064 @ 096 '
001 SOH 033 ! 065 A 097 a
002 STX 034 " 066 B 098 b
003 ETX 035 # 067 C 099 c
004 EOT 036 $ 068 D 100 d
005 ENQ 037 % 069 E 101 e
006 ACK 038 & 070 F 102 f
007 BEL 039 ' 071 G 103 g
008 BS 040 ( 072 H 104 h
009 HT 041 ) 073 I 105 I
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