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Different types of computer have slightly different character sets. Many character sets

also have codes for control characters. These non-printing characters are used for

special purposes.

Examples of control characters are, end of record and end of file markers in a file,

carriage return and line feed for a printer, begin and end transmission with a modem and

cursor movement on a screen. Over the years, different computer designers have used

different sets of codes for representing characters, which has led to great difficulty in

transferring information from one computer to another. Most computers nowadays use

internationally agreed character sets. Unless the coding scheme (character set) is

standard, it will not be possible to exchange textual data between computers.

ASCII

___________(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely

used coding system to represent data.

ASCII is used on many personal computers and minicomputers.

ASCII is a 7-bit code that permits 27=128 distinct characters.

The 128 different combinations that can be represented in 7 bits are plenty to allow for

all the letters, numbers and special symbols. An eight bit was added. This allowed extra

128 characters to be represented. The extra 128 combinations are used for symbols

such as Ç ü è ©, ®, Æ, etc.

The codes for the alphabetical characters indicate their relative positions in the alphabet

in ASCII. This is known as collating sequence, thus, sorting textual items can be

transformed into sorting the corresponding character codes. Also, in ASCII, uppercase

characters, lowercase characters and digits etc, are grouped together. So it is easy to

map between upper and lower case characters.

ASCII

Value Character

ASCII

Value Character

ASCII

Value Character

ASCII

Value Character

000 NUL 032 blank 064 @ 096 '

001 SOH 033 ! 065 A 097 a

002 STX 034 " 066 B 098 b

003 ETX 035 # 067 C 099 c

004 EOT 036 $ 068 D 100 d

005 ENQ 037 % 069 E 101 e

006 ACK 038 & 070 F 102 f

007 BEL 039 ' 071 G 103 g

008 BS 040 ( 072 H 104 h

009 HT 041 ) 073 I 105 I

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