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Elements on the left side of the Periodic Table become positive when they disassociate (they give up 1 or more electrons), therefore will go to a cathode in an electrolysis tank, so we call them cations. Elements on the right side of the periodic table pick up one or more electrons and become negative. These will go to the positive electrode in a tank, so we call them anions.

If you think that this naming convention is confusing and stupid, that means you are an intelligent right-thinking person. Unfortunately, this idiocy is so embedded we will never be free of it, so learn it and weep.

Besides + and - other differences in ions include how many charges, and how many atoms in the molecular. We have simple elemental Cations such as sodium (Na+), fully ionized calcium (Ca++), and fully ionized aluminum (Al+++). We have simple elemental anions such as chlorine (Cl-), fully ionized sulfur (S--), and fully ionized phosphorus (P---).

Finally, we have ion groups such as sulfur dioxide, (SO2--)

Another left-right periodic table distinction is metallic (left) and non-metallic (right). WARNING. This is a gross oversimplification and is almost as poor as cations-anions.

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13y ago
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10y ago

Metals and non-metals are the two primary categories of elements.

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Q: What are the two types of elements from left to right?
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