You could not really classify formulas into types as the amount of formulas are infinite and you can have a variety of things happening in a formula. Functions come in categories, and that is maybe what you mean. It will depend on which version of Excel you have, but these are the categories available in later versions:
Cube functions
Database functions
Date and time functions
Engineering functions
Financial functions
Information functions
Logical functions
Lookup and reference functions
Math and trigonometry functions
Statistical functions
Text functions
Right-click and select paste formula
Just hide the Formula Bar.
Excel, which is owned by Microsoft
If you mean doing calculations, then it is a formula.
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numbers and text
Charts, as they are known, are part of Excel, so if you do have Excel then you have charts in it and other types of graphs.
It can change a total that the formula results in.
Microsoft excel was created by Microsoft
Programs->Microsoft Office->Microsoft Excel
Ctrl-comma does not do anything in Excel. Ctrl ' copies from the cell above and Ctrl `switches to and from the formula view.
The equals sign. It must appear at the start of all formulas.