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What are the types of typology?

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Anonymous

14y ago
Updated: 8/19/2019

Typology is a subfield of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features.

One set of types reflects the basic order of subject, verb, and direct object in sentences:

  • Subject-verb-object
  • Subject-object-verb
  • Verb-subject-object
  • Verb-object-subject
  • Object-subject-verb
  • Object-verb-subject

Another common classification distinguishes nominative-accusative languages and ergative-absolutive ones. In a language with cases, the classification depends on whether the subject of an intransitive verb has the same case as the agent or the patient of a transitive verb. If a language has no cases, but the word order AVP or PVA, then a classification may reflect whether the subject of an intransitive verb appears on the same side as the agent or the patient of the transitive verb.

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