What are the various theories of organized crime?

Answer 1

Following are important thoeries of criminality-

Biological theory-. Many studies have sought to explain crime. Most of them compare habitual criminals with people who have not been convicted of crimes to try to find important differences between the two groups.

Since the late 1800's, for example, researchers trained in the biological sciences have searched for physical differences. Such studies involve differences in body type, the pattern of brain waves, and the formation of genes. Lambroso and Charles Goring said that due to defective traits of body they want to attract attention of others, so they commit crime. Other sociologists believe that due to heredity of criminals their offspring also do such acts.

In compare to old young people inclined more towards acts of crime. Quarreling nature ,tension ,fraustration,etc are some biological factors of crime. Although none of these studies has proved that criminals have any physical traits that make them different from other people.

2-Psychological theory-

Research by psychiatrists and psychologists stresses personality differences resulting from experiences in childhood or later. This research shows that many people who became criminals were neglected by their parents or were given harsh or uncertain discipline. Such treatment left them insecure and demanding in their relations with others. Their own wants made them ignore the needs or rights of others. But researchers have had difficulty making a direct connection between emotional needs and crime because many people with emotional problems find acceptable ways of solving them.(CD of World book Millennium 2000)

3-Economic theory-Due to industrialization and urbanization, the needs of people are at increasing rate. There is limited sources for satisfying unlimited needs. In many countries, most crimes are committed by boys and young men. They are particularly likely to commit burglaries, car thefts, and robberies .Modernization has changed the concept of standard of living which was simple living and high thinking .Now it isconverted in to high living and simple thinking.

4-Social theory-For many young city-dwellers, the excitement of the streets provides the principal escape from boredom and seemingly unsolvable problems. These streets are also the scene of much vice and crime--drugs use and sale, gambling, prostitution, public drunkenness, and acts of violence. Law enforcement in the inner city is difficult, partly because too few police officers patrol the neighborhoods. In addition, many of the people fear the police and refuse to cooperate with them. .(CD of World book Millennium 2000)

5-Political theory-political leader also train people for committing crimes. They are paid for it. Booth capturing ,killing the innocents ,murdering the other party candidates and honest people who do not pay money from government treasury, creating terror for voting system are so many other forms of crimes.

Political factors have become an increasingly serious criminal activity. It includes acts of terrorism against innocent people and assassinations of leading political figures throughout the world. Unlike many criminals who seek money or personal gain through crime, most terrorists and assassins commit crimes to show support for a political cause. Since the early 1970's, political crimes such as aero plane hijackings, assassinations, bombings, and the taking of hostages have become more frequent. As a result, governments all over the world have taken steps to protect against terrorists.

6-Defective Punishment system theory -If person is harshly penalized for ordinary acts ,it makes him serious criminal in future. Our legal system too is loosely knitted . On the basis of false evidence any person can be punished by law. Such person does not have faith in laws so they violate the same to punish the others.