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What are the various types of instrumental errors?

Updated: 12/11/2022
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Nilesh2890

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14y ago

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Error is deviation in measurement or observation, where the observed value is not the true value. A measurement is usually expressed as a plus or minus value, such as 2.4 +/- .1 Volts. Random error is statistical fluctuation around the true value. Systematic error is a bias, such as miscalibration or consistent error in observation, such as reading a needle type meter from a non perpendicular angle. One example of a systematic error is when reading the peak value of a ballistic galvanometer, that you record the maximum value that the needle crosses, a one-directional error, rather than attempting to interpolate the reading, a two-directional error, but one that gives a better result when many observations are made.

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Q: What are the various types of instrumental errors?
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