MOSFET
VLSI chips straddle the third generation and fourth generation computers. They were used to make some third generation computers, but the development VLSI levels of integration permitted enough transistors to make a complete simple CPU in one integrated circuit chip, creating the first microprocessors (e.g. Intel 4004, Intel 8008) used to build fourth generation computers.
number of finite voltage levels
For MOS fabrication, wafers with crystal orientation <100> are used. This helps achieve a lower threshold voltage and for BJT <111> orientation is preferred.
There are devices called thyristors which are used for switching purposes in high voltage levels. Thyristors are of different typesSCRIGBDiacTriac, etc.Apart from these MOSFETs, a type of transistor, are also used in high voltage switching applications.
The term 'constant voltage transformer' is used to differentiate the operation of transformers that are intended to change voltage levels, from those intended to change current levels -a current transformer (CT), for example, is termed a 'constant current transformer'.
Paper Insulated Lead Sheathed Cable. Used for medium voltage levels.
Scroll down to related links and look at "Conversion Voltage V to voltage level Lu and LV - Decibel (dB) level conversion to volt ".
VLSI Technology was created in 1979.
VLSI Technology ended in 1999.
Role of vlsi in medial field is to(i) Reduce power consumption in batteries used in pacemaker device or any other medical oriented devices.
It is the easiest way to do it reliably: on/off signals are easier to distinguish than more levels. Note: there were a few computers built in the USSR that used ternary numbers instead of binary (e.g. + voltage, 0 voltage, - voltage). They worked but the circuits to identify the 3 levels were much more complex than for 2 levels.