What are three types of courts-martial?

Answer 1

There are no types of courts martial generally. They are military courts which carry out the same functions a civil courts, with special provisions for personnel serving in a particular counties armed forces or are subject to those provisions. Such countries have different rules.
A foreign national will be tried under the rules of the country in which the alleged offence was committed or, under certain circumstances, under the rules of the Geneva Convention.
Some countries have differentiation, but this is not universal.
The US, for instance, has Special, Summary, and General trials