The stars or a sextant or GPS or radar or sonar ( underwater)
the astrolabe and compass
Astrolabes and maps
Astrolabes and maps
The sextant helped explorers by allowing them to determine their latitude at sea by measuring the angle between the horizon and the sun or a star. This helped navigators plot their position on a map and accurately navigate the vast oceans.
Before compasses were invented, navigators relied on observing the position of celestial bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars, as well as natural phenomena like winds, currents, and bird migrations. They used these natural cues to navigate their vessels across the oceans.
Actually, no LAND mass protected the US and Canada. Rather, the vastness of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans provided a very large distance barrier to their opponents. Any invader would have to cross these oceans to get to North America, and doing so is a logistical and technological nightmare.
New technology, such as the compass, astrolabe, and advancements in ship design like the caravel, significantly enhanced navigation and maritime capabilities during the Age of Exploration. These innovations allowed explorers to venture further into uncharted waters with improved accuracy and safety, facilitating long-distance sea travel. Additionally, advancements in cartography helped create more accurate maps, enabling navigators to better understand and navigate the world's oceans. As a result, these technological developments fueled a desire for exploration, trade, and the discovery of new lands.
Well... A good example is iron fertilisation of the oceans which encourages blooms of plankton which will lead to the removal of excess CO2.
A navigator's map is often referred to as a nautical chart or a navigational chart. It is a specialized map used by sailors and navigators to help navigate the seas and oceans.
200 years ago
From my understanding, their were 94 oceans used. I remember my great grandfather telling me this because he was in world war II. I hope this helped you retard.
The navigation school was important because it provided training and education in maritime navigation skills, which were essential for sailors to safely navigate the seas and reach their destinations. This training helped improve navigation accuracy, reducing the risks of getting lost or encountering hazards while at sea. It also contributed to advancements in maritime exploration and trade by producing skilled navigators who could accurately chart courses across the oceans.