the water
Oxygen can dissolve in water through direct diffusion from the atmosphere at the water's surface. Oxygen can also be produced through photosynthesis by aquatic plants and algae, increasing oxygen levels in water.
Water can be depleted of it's oxygen by a number of different ways. Short of putting the water in a vacuum and "sucking" the dissolved oxygen out, oxygen-breathing organisms such as fish take oxygen from the water through respiration, for example. It is unlikely a large body of water to become completely deoxygenated due to the presence of photosynthetic aquatic organisms (plants) and the fact that oxygen is also dissolved in the water at the water's surface.
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The amount of dissolved oxygen in water can decrease due to increased water temperature, which reduces oxygen solubility, and through the decomposition of organic matter, where bacteria consume oxygen as they break down dead plants and animals. Additionally, pollution from nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to algal blooms, which, upon decomposition, further deplete oxygen levels.
Poriferans, or sponges, use the flagella of their individual choanocyte cells in order to generate a current of water that brings in food, in the form of zooplankton and or phytoplankton, as well as to bring in oxygen and other dissolved nutrients, and take away carbon dioxide and other dissolved wastes.
Some ways to produce oxygen include photosynthesis by plants and algae, electrolysis of water to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen, and using certain chemical reactions to release oxygen gas.
There are two different ways to ask this question, each dealing with two different ways that water can "have" oxygen in it. It is important to understand the question being asked because each interpretation has a different answer. 1. Does boiling water contain dissolved oxygen? 2. Does water contain oxygen? The answers: 1. No, boiling water does not contain dissolved oxygen. The hotter a substance is, the more energy the molecules have. There are gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) dissolved in cold water. As the temperature increases, these gases gain energy which lets them escape from the liquid water in which they are trapped. To relate this phenomenon to something encountered in daily life, a cold can of Coca-Cola has more fizz than a warm one. The fizz is the result of gases escaping from the cold liquid. The warmer Coca-Cola does not contain as much dissolved gas, so it is "flat." 2. Yes, water contains oxygen. The molecular formula for water is H2O, meaning that there are two covalently bonded hydrogens to each oxygen. Change this formula, and you don't have something that can be called "water" anymore. A common misconception is that the process of boiling creates oxygen and hydrogen gases (O2 and H2), which is simply not true. The act of boiling water imparts energy to the liquid water molecules. This energy is enough to break the hydrogen bonds that hold the water molecules together in liquid form. Once these bonds are broken, the water molecules vaporize and go from being H2O (liquid) to H2O (gas). Therefore, the vapor produced as water boils is water vapor. Before the boiling point is reached, you can see the dissolved gases initially present in the cold water (for example, CO2 and O2) forming bubbles and rising to the top. Remember, these were initially present-- they are not a result of the covalent O-H bonds in water being broken as part of the boiling process. The covalent O-H bonds are not broken during boiling, only water vapor is formed.
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In general, minerals can form in two ways: through the crystallization of melted materials, and through the crystallization of materials dissolved in water.
extract air bubbles from water
One of the ways to do this would be using Electrolysis.
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