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Often pastures, rangelands, barns, or corrals in the country or rural areas where farms and ranches are found. It all depends on the breed and the type of cattle in question, as well as where they are located and what climate they live in. Habitat depends on whether they live in glens and moors of Scotland, UK, where it rains lots and feed is abundant and where there are only one or two varieties of grass growing, or if they live in the foothills of Alberta, Canada where it is more arid and grass is more sparse, coarser, and comes in a variety of species. Cattle are located on every continent in the world except Antarctica. Some are kept in a barn like most dairy cattle (with a corral to stretch their legs in between milkings) while some can forage out on their own on the range or pasture with their only available shelter a shed or a grove of trees, like most beef cattle (with the exception of those that are "finished" in a feedlot). Cattle are herbivores and social animals so they need to be located in areas where access to forage (hay, grass, silage and/or grain) is not limited and and where they are around others of their own kind 24/7, respectively.

Most dairy cows live in a barn habitat, which is a building built of wood and steel made by man, and where the feed comes to them every day, in the form of silage (corn, wheat or barley, and occasionally oats [Oats are actually not popular for dairy because of the lower protein content than what's found in corn and barley]), grain (again, mostly barley and corn, and even feed wheat) and hay (primarily alfalfa- or clover-grass mix) all mixed together for an optimum diet for a lactating dairy cow. They are milked twice a day, and thus have to move to another environment where machines milk them out, which is in the milking parlour. Often between milkings they are either let out into a corral where they can get some fresh air, or in an open barn where they are sheltered from the elements. Those dairy cows that are organic-raised, or those smaller dairy operations that are not milking their cows all the time, allow their cows to able to go out on pasture every day to graze grass, particularly during the summer time or in those climates where cattle can graze all year round.

Beef cattle, on the other hand, are almost always out on pasture. They often do not have access to the same kind of grass that dairy cows must have to be able to produce good, rich milk, since the milk from beef cows is not drunk by humans, but by their own calves. Beef cows can be on tame pasture, or on native grassland/rangeland, depending on who owns them and where they live. Traditionally, they are out on pasture for 4 to 6 months of the year, then the rest of the year they spend in the corrals being fed hay and silage. Now, movement is shifting so that these beef cows are able to spend from 8 to even 12 months of the year out on pasture or in the fields doing winter grazing, keeping them out of the corral and keeping labour costs down from bringing feed to them. In some parts of the world, 365-day grazing is not a problem, like in Texas, Uruguay, Queensland (Australia), and South Africa. But in countries like Canada, and areas like the northern-most states of the USA, this can be a problem because of the extreme cold and occurrence of deep snow every year. But this is another discussion. When the calves are weaned and backgrounded on another farm (in a similar environment to what they were exposed to when born) to the point where they are heavy enough to be "finished," most of them go into an entirely different environment of no grass, not much space to move around, only dirt and others of the same sex and weight, and where feed that is comprised of 85% grain, comes to them. This is called the feedlot. This habitat is very often not healthy for them to be in, but fortunately are not in this environment for very long--only a few months. Unfortunately, they never get to see another grass-rich pasture for the rest of their lives, as they are shipped from the feedlot to the slaughter plant to be killed and cut up for beef. Most all bovines, young or old, get to the point where they are killed for beef.

But, all in all, a cow's habitat depends on where she's raised, how she's raised, her breeding and breed type (dairy or beef), and her available food source.

Another view:

Habitat is usually interpreted in a more generalised way and we usually apply the idea to wild, not domestic animals. In this sense the natural habitat of a cow is grassland.

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9y ago

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