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M.leprae replicates inside the skin and nerve cells and has two forms. One form is tuberculoid. This form of M.leprae multiplies at the site of entry, usually the skin, invading and colonizing Schwann cells (cells covering the axons of nerve cells). Infected individuals show large flattened patches with elevated red edges on their skin. There is a loss of sensation in this patch.

The second form of leprosy is the lepromatous form. Infected patients develop papules marked by a folding of the skin. Gradual destruction of cutaneous nerves lead to what is referred to as "classic lion face." Extensive microbe invasion may lead to severe body damage; for example the loss of bones, fingers, and toes.

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