Need to know rate of twist and what you are going to use it for.
Depends on the bullet weight
It looks like if it is a centerfire caliber you can use it. So, yes you can use a .223 caliber rifle.
A bullet is the metal projectile that flies out of the barrel. A cartridge is the case, powder, bullet and primer all put together. A typical bullet weight for a 223 is 55 grains, although they come lighter and heavier. The weight of the powder inside the case will vary from (roughly) 22 grains to 28 grains, depending on what kind of powder you use and how heavy the bullet is. If you are going to reload 223 ammunition, get a good reloading manual for specific amounts.
Negative, 308 is a 30 caliber bullet and 30 doesn't fit into 25.
0.380 ACP.
No
Yes, the bullet is bigger in both diameter (.243 versus .223) and weight. The .243 can use bullets that weigh up to maybe 130 grains, which is a lot more than most .22-250 bullets weigh. But the .22-250 fires at a faster velocity, so it is sometimes the better choice for varmint hunting.
Commonly called the 8mm Mauser, the bullet is actually 7.92mm, but that term is not in everyday use.
No. It is much too small.
NO!!
Yes
Compared to the 223 Remington, the case volume of the 308 Winchester is increased by approximately 80%. The 308 Win now fires a larger bullet and maintains long-range speed, but at the expense of recoil.