There were many.
the wheel lock rifle, although very expensive and used mostly by aristocracy to go hunting. the actual battlefield replacement of the matchlock was the flintlock rifle around the period c.1660-c.1700
1861 Springfield 58 caliber Rifle Musket 1858 Endfield 3 Band .577 caliber Rifle Musket Sharp's Carbine 50 caliber Sharp's rifle 50 caliber Burnside carbine 52 caliber Spencer repeating carbine 52 caliber Henry Repeating rifle 44-40 rimfire Model 1841 Mississippi Rifle 58 caliber Harper's Ferry 1840 conversion smoothbore 69 caliber (Buck and Ball) This list represents only the more popular rifles. Other firearms such as shotguns (which do not have rifled barrels) and handguns (revovlers) are not listed.
The .45 caliber bullet is not used in a sniper rifle.
At the time of Miles Standish, the standard firearm was a large caliber matchlock musket. This used a slow smoldering length of cord (the match) to ignite a powder charge, and was replaced by the flintlock. This is a link to an article on the matchlock musket- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchlock
springfield 1903 rifle........30/06 caliber
Any caliber can do the job. Most states regulate what can be used.
Caliber
50-1000 and up
The L579 was a model number that was used by Sako.it describes the action type.The info that you provided will not indicate what caliber that you have.Your Sako rifle should be marked as to what caliber your rifle is chambered for,somewhere on the firearm itself.
44-40
Shiloh Sharps caliber 45-110. Nice rifle, huh?
If you mean the US Civil war, matchlock guns were NOT used. They had long been replaced by newer designs. The standard rifle at the start of the war was a caplock. By the end of the war, breech loading firearms using metallic cartridges were in use.