There are various differences between X.25 and Frame Relay. The most significant are: 1. Call Control X.25 connection establishment and release (call control) use in-band signaling within the same virtual channel used for user data transmission causing additional overhead. Frame Relay call control uses separate virtual channels identified by reserved DLCI using the LMI (Local Management Interface) protocol. 2. Routing vs. Switching X.25 performs packet switching on OSI layer 3 (network layer); Frame Relay performs packet switching on OSI layer 2 (data-link). Frame Relay does not use any layer 3 protocol. 3. Flow Control Frame Relay (FR) doesn't perform flow control between frame handlers (FR routers). X.25 routers have to acknowledge each frame; in case of frame errors frames have to be retransmitted and acknowledged. Frame Relay relies on flow control performed by higher layer protocols.
Source: http://www.synapse.de/ban/HTML/P_LAYER2/Eng/P_lay264.html
frame relay cannot transmit and receive digital signals only analog
Frame relay.
Frame Relay
Frame Relay
provide error correction
Advantages of frame relay over x.25?Frame relay operates at a higher speed(1.544 mbps & currently 44.376mbps) By this it can easily be used instead of a mesh of T-1 or T-3 linesFrame relay operates in just the physical and data link layers. By this it is used as a back bone nwtwork to provide services to protoclols that already have a network layer protocol.It allows brusty data. in case of x.25 and t-line there is a fixed data rateFrame relay allows a frame size of 9000 bytes, which can accommodate all LAN framesFrame relay is less expensive than other traditional WAN
IP, Ethernet, Frame Relay, ...IP, Ethernet, Frame Relay, ...IP, Ethernet, Frame Relay, ...IP, Ethernet, Frame Relay, ...
show frame-relay map
X.25 was primarily replaced by newer networking technologies like Frame Relay and later on, IP-based protocols such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). These technologies offered higher data transmission speeds and more efficient networking capabilities, making them more suitable for modern networking requirements.
Frame Relay is a packet-switching technology. It works by sending information in packets, which are called frames, through a shared frame-relay network.
no
The primary disadvantage of X25 is slow speeds.
A means of providing access to the Frame Relay network over a DSL connection