Advantages of frame relay over x.25?
Frame relay operates at a higher speed(1.544 mbps & currently 44.376mbps) By this it can easily be used instead of a mesh of T-1 or T-3 lines
Frame relay operates in just the physical and data link layers. By this it is used as a back bone nwtwork to provide services to protoclols that already have a network layer protocol.
It allows brusty data. in case of x.25 and t-line there is a fixed data rate
Frame relay allows a frame size of 9000 bytes, which can accommodate all LAN frames
Frame relay is less expensive than other traditional WAN
Frame relay.
ATM as well as frame relay are switched WANs. Frame relay protocol was designed to replace X.25 . ATM is advantageous as it is a cell network and a cell network uses the cell as a basic unit of data exchange and are small and fixed size block of information .
The X.25 protocol, adopted as a standard by the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT), is a commonly-used network protocol. The X.25 protocol allows computers on different public networks (such as CompuServe, Tymnet, or a TCP/IP network) to communicate through an intermediary computer at the network layer level. X.25's protocols correspond closely to the data-link …
Frame relay.
Frame Relay
Frame Relay
XOX could mean Hugs and Kisses or X25 over X25 or Xml Object Xml
X.25 was primarily replaced by newer networking technologies like Frame Relay and later on, IP-based protocols such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). These technologies offered higher data transmission speeds and more efficient networking capabilities, making them more suitable for modern networking requirements.
There are various differences between X.25 and Frame Relay. The most significant are: 1. Call Control X.25 connection establishment and release (call control) use in-band signaling within the same virtual channel used for user data transmission causing additional overhead. Frame Relay call control uses separate virtual channels identified by reserved DLCI using the LMI (Local Management Interface) protocol. 2. Routing vs. Switching X.25 performs packet switching on OSI layer 3 (network layer); Frame Relay performs packet switching on OSI layer 2 (data-link). Frame Relay does not use any layer 3 protocol. 3. Flow Control Frame Relay (FR) doesn't perform flow control between frame handlers (FR routers). X.25 routers have to acknowledge each frame; in case of frame errors frames have to be retransmitted and acknowledged. Frame Relay relies on flow control performed by higher layer protocols.Source: http://www.synapse.de/ban/HTML/P_LAYER2/Eng/P_lay264.html
The primary disadvantage of X25 is slow speeds.
ATM as well as frame relay are switched WANs. Frame relay protocol was designed to replace X.25 . ATM is advantageous as it is a cell network and a cell network uses the cell as a basic unit of data exchange and are small and fixed size block of information .
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