The X.25 protocol, adopted as a standard by the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT), is a commonly-used network protocol. The X.25 protocol allows computers on different public networks (such as CompuServe, Tymnet, or a TCP/IP network) to communicate through an intermediary computer at the network layer level. X.25's protocols correspond closely to the data-link …
Network Layer
the network layer is the same as the data link layer, they do the same thing. that is that they communicat with the network to send packets of data...
No, At each layer, protocols perform servers unique to that layer. While performing those services, the protocols also interact with protocols in the layers directly above and below. In addition, at the top of the OSI model, Application layer protocols interact with the software you use. At the bottom, Phsyical layer services act on the networking cables and connectors to issue and receive signals.
The routing process occurs in the 3rd OSI layer (network layer) routing protocols use network address (IP address in TCP/IP) to chose the correct path to the destination. ps: You can also have routing protocols on other layers sometimes (application layer in p2p routing) but this is something completely different.
TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols; the OSI layer is layer 4 (transport)
The network layer protocol is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
A hub is a layer 1 network device (hardware), and the 'web' is a software concept implemented by different protocols and multiple devices.
Network Layer
Network control protocol
Session Layer
TELNET
There is a good descrition of the network layer and TCP in the related link. NO. In general TCP and UDP are transport protocols that operates in Layer 4 Transport Layer
Yes
Net BUI
IP, AppleTalk, IPX
Tcp/ip
The Network Access Layer is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP protocol hierarchy. The protocols in this layer provide the means for the system to deliver data to the other devices on a directly attached network. It defines how to use the network to transmit an IP datagram. Unlike higher-level protocols, Network Access Layer protocols must know the details of the underlying network (its packet structure, addressing, etc.) to correctly format the data being transmitted to comply with the network constraints. The TCP/IP Network Access Layer can encompass the functions of all three lower layers of the OSI reference Model (Network, Data Link, and Physical).