connectionless protocols - transport layer
transport layer
TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols; the OSI layer is layer 4 (transport)
Layer 5 - Session layer
During a PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) connection, the NCP (Network Control Protocol) provides two main functions: it establishes and configures the network layer protocols used over the link, and it manages the negotiation of options for these protocols. NCP allows different network layer protocols to operate simultaneously over the same link by encapsulating their packets. Additionally, it facilitates the dynamic assignment of IP addresses and other necessary parameters for the network layer.
The network layer protocol is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network Layer
Router works in Network Layer of OSI model
Network control protocol
Application Presentation Session
Session Layer
The data link layer, which is the second layer of the OSI model, includes protocols such as Ethernet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). Ethernet is widely used for local area networks (LANs), while PPP is commonly used for direct connections between two network nodes. Additionally, protocols like Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) also operate at this layer, facilitating wireless communication. These protocols handle framing, addressing, and error detection for data transmitted over physical media.