Layer 5 - Session layer
Application Presentation Session
No. Only protocols that users can see on their screen are considered Presentation Layer based. Hubs and repeaters operate on the physical layer, because it doesn't do anything with the data, it simply forwards it.
There are many more than three protocols which can operate at the application layer. Some of these are; Telnet FTP TFTP SMTP IMAP POP DNS RARP BOOTP SNMP CMOT
Hubs are a physical layer (layer 1) device; most switches operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
First layer of the OSI model covers the cabling and electrical signaling. The first layer of OSI model is the physical layer. The physical layer also decides the transmission mode and physical media.
Which? Where are the Options?WAN Technologies operate & involve Layer1, Layer2 & Layer3 of OSI Model. Example of WAN Technology Protocols are Frame Relay, ATM & X.25 protocols.
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
smtp(simple mail transfer protocol,),ftp,(file trasfer protocol),ip(nternet protocol).
Layer 3
Network Layer
The data link layer, which is the second layer of the OSI model, includes protocols such as Ethernet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). Ethernet is widely used for local area networks (LANs), while PPP is commonly used for direct connections between two network nodes. Additionally, protocols like Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) also operate at this layer, facilitating wireless communication. These protocols handle framing, addressing, and error detection for data transmitted over physical media.
OSPF and RIP are used in the network layer of the ISO model.