The biggest problem that structural engineers face when designing something to be "earthquake-proof" is the up and down motion created by the S waves. Seismic S waves look and behave very much like a large sheet of poster board when you wave the top of it with your hands, a massive amount of up and down motion is creating, literally lifting the building straight into the air and then dropping it back to earth. Vertical elasticity can be achieved in several ways. First of all, engineers will often make sure that buildings in earthquake zones are built with more metal than concrete, even using wood frames whenever possible. Metal and wood are flexible and ductile, which is the quality one favors in an earthquake. Anything rigid, no matter how strong, will likely shatter if shaken by the immense forces of an earthquake. Another important consideration is the terrain. The ground around a building is often softened up by the vibrations caused by both S and P waves, so engineers need to make sure the building has a solid base to stand on. It is not uncommon for some engineers to run huge beams all the way down to the bedrock, so that the structure has some backup stilts to stand on if the dirt and sand it is built atop begins to liquefy. The important thing to remember is that buildings can be fixed or replaced, but human lives cannot. Engineers aren't' worried so much about making a building usable after a quake, what matters is making sure that nothing falls on anyone.
Earthquake-resistant buildings are built to prevent total collapse and save lives. Engineers keep the buildings symmetrical so that forces are distributed equally throughout the structure. Excess ornamental elements are limited, as they can come loose and tumble down. Building are double-reinforced both vertically and horizontally. Roof trusses shore up the top of the building. The foundation floats on a bed of bearings, springs or padded cylinders.
Any building has a certain frequency it will resonate at if the earthquake keys into the frequency a building can literally shake itself apart. To offset this they reinforce structures using a myriad of construction techniques including external framing, reinforcing beams, and sometimes a reservoir at the top to offset some of the resonance. no building can truly be earthquake proof as any number of associated disasters can cause catastrophic failure but retrofitting has been improving greatly and shaking resilience has greatly increased.
you cant make a building "earthquake proof". you can use design / materials to make it more resistant to large earthquakes.
u use hard materials
Monkeys
Buildings can be placed on giant springs that can move slightly with the earth below them, they do not eliminate the danger of an earthquake, but they reduce it.
Local effects of earthquakes include ground shaking and rupture, fires, and damage.
A seismologist studies earthquakes, their causes and effects.
stratosphere and hydrsphere
they ruin that particular place
Makes sense
Usually buildings get destroyed, and people get injured to killed.
it effects peoples lives by killing humans and destroying buildings,homes and memories. leaving them in gory poverty.
Earthquakes in poor countries have such devistating effects because since they dont have a lot of money to repair the buildings the buildings stay damaged for longer. Also the sick and they injured will have to try to help them selves because they offered top doctors to help them.
liquifaction, fires, lahars(mudslides) mass destruction of buildings.
Buildings can be placed on giant springs that can move slightly with the earth below them, they do not eliminate the danger of an earthquake, but they reduce it.
Anand S. Arya has written: 'Protection of educational buildings against earthquakes' -- subject(s): Earthquake effects, School buildings 'Earthquake disaster reduction' -- subject(s): Brick Building, Buildings, Earthquake damage, Earthquake effects, Prevention
J. Hans Rainer has written: 'Performance of wood-frame building construction in earthquakes' -- subject(s): Buildings, Earthquake effects, Wooden-frame buildings
many, buildings and roads destroyed, power shortages, loss of food and water, thousands of deaths and an estimated 1,000,000 left homeless
Fabrizio Mangoni has written: 'Dopo il terremoto la ricostruzione' -- subject(s): Buildings, Earthquake effects, Earthquakes
Earthquakes produce various damaging effects to the areas they act upon. This includes damage to buildings and in worst cases the loss of human life. The effects of the rumbling produced by earthquakes usually lead to the destruction of structures such as buildings, bridges, and dams. They can also trigger landslides. Besides producing floods and destroying buildings, earthquakes that take place under the ocean can sometimes cause tsunamis, or tidal waves. Tsunamis are high and long walls of water which travel at a very rapid rate. They are notorious for destroying entire populations and cities near coastlines.
Engineers do noise vibration analysis to see how it effects buildings and other types of objects they are designing. In particular automotive engineers and designers of appliances want their products to limit annoyances due to noise.