Basically none. No atom will survive the forces in a black hole. (However, all the mass that falls into the black hole will still be there.)
Due to the immense gravity of a black hole, no life we can currently fathom could survive in one.
there is no such thing as that
no because it would destroy the space if it went in to a black hole
You would not; you wouldn't survive the tidal forces as you came near the black hole. Your atoms would fall into the event horizon, but your molecules would be destroyed before then.
you dont light gets sucked into a black hole. Light!!!! so you have no chance. Additionally being exposed to spac would make you explode
Everything except mass, momentum, angular momentum and electric charge. These are the only properties that survive when matter enters a black hole, according to the "No-hair theorem".
It is not expected that elements would survive as such, within a black hole. Gravitational force would crush everything together to the point where no atomic nuclei remain intact.
I don't think you could talk about a "day" on a black hole - for a start, nobody could survive in a black hole, to observe such a day. But if you refer to the rotation, one black hole has been observed that seems to spin over a thousand times per second. This rotation, of course, can be different for other black holes.
That depends a lot on the mass of the black hole. The smaller black holes will evaporate more quickly. A stellar black hole (a few times the mass of the Sun) is expected to live approximately 1066 years, while a supermassive black hole might survive something like 10100 years before evaporating completely.
no,no one would survive but that's not going to happen any time soon
Nothing. Nothing at all, if our understanding of the mathematics is correct, or even nearly so. The very concept of "through" a black hole is an error; a black hole is a literally bottomless pit, and nothing EVER comes back out.