By the color.
We know it by observing that the stars blink in the sky while planets do not blink.
When observing a star, you will see a bright point of light in the night sky.
Yes, a planet's mass can be determined by observing its transit across a star. By measuring the dip in the star's brightness during the transit, astronomers can calculate the size of the planet and its gravitational effect on the star, which provides information on the planet's mass.
In observing a star, you can determine its brightness, color, position in the sky, and any variations in brightness over time. You can also analyze the star's spectrum to learn about its chemical composition, temperature, age, and evolutionary stage. By studying the motion of the star, you can infer its distance from Earth and its relative motion in space.
Eyes can tell our sexuality or sexual orientation by observing pupil dilation.
a way to tell if a star has planets is to observe a wobble in its position. i.e when a planet orbits a star it pulls at it making the star move slightly in its direction. when seen from far away it looks like the star is moving back and forth. This is a very rough explanation and can no doubt be improved upon.
Discovering the essential Universe by Neil F. Comins fourth edition Extrasolar planets can be discovered by observing them indirectly by using microlensing, by observing the Doppler shift of the star due to the pull of the orbiting planet, by observing the periodic variation of the proper motion of a star, and by observing the periodic variation of the starlight due to the planet passing between that star and Earth, an event called a transit.
By observing far away stars in our galaxy through a spectroscope, we are able to see the spectrum that appears from the substances in these stars. Each element has a unique spectrum when light is shone through it, so we are able to determine what elements make up certain stars.
By observing its organells. If a nucleus or membranous organelle present
The most recent information we can receive about the star would be from about 100 years ago, as it takes light around 100 years to travel a distance of 100 light years from the star to reach us on Earth.
Outerspace ... the twinkling effect happens when observing the star(s) through earth's atmosphere. If you were in space, they would not twinkle.