For a straight-through cable connection, I use diagrams such as:
http://www.beginnercode.com/wp-content/imgupload/cat5e_T568B_Wiring_Diagram.gif
Typically you would use a CAT-5e or CAT-6 UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) network cable.
Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6, Cat7
Ethernet cable of cat 5e or cat 6 connected to modem or router
If you can use fiber optics. If not try to use CAT-5e at least, CAT-6 is recommended.
Yes
A regular Cat 5e or Cat 6 RJ-45 straight-through Ethernet network cable.
Copper.
Cat 5, Cat 5e
RJ-45
Cat 5E
It should be at least UTP CAT-5, if your equipment supports gigabit connection use CAT-5e.
Yes, CAT 5E is well-suited for gigabit ethernet. CAT 6 will also work just fine.