it is because of the oil in between the bearing journals, which reduces friction, it is also known as hyro-dynamic lubrication.
An intermittent crankshaft sensor will not let the engine fire the correct times. This can definitely cause a misfire for the engine.
cracked rings
It would be very rare for them to do so.
Yes.
A bad crankshaft in a 96 Altima could cause the engine not to start. Depending on the crank damage, the engine could start but not run properly.
crankshaft seals failure
Rod or main bearings. Those are located on the crankshaft.
The engine will turn on the starter, or with a wrench on the end of the crankshaft. However it will not run. If the Timing belt breaks, when the engine is running, this can cause extensive damage to the engine.
If it is high enough to be splashed by the crankshaft it would foam up. That would cause a lack of oil pressure and engine damage.
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A bad crankshaft position sensor on your Chrysler 300 will cause the engine to run very rough or not run at all. The malfunctioning sensor can cause damage to your engine, if not repaired.
Coolant is used to keep an engine in a vehicle at a temperature safe for operation. If no coolant is in the reservoir, an engine will not start.