Rod or main bearings. Those are located on the crankshaft.
If the knock sensor failed the CEL (Check Engine Light) would be illuminated and the engine may "ping" or "spark knock" under load. Serious "spark knock" can damage the engine if allowed to continue.
No, it will not cause the engine to knock.
perhaps failing oil pump caused engine damage
No, knocking in an engine is normally more serious than a gasket leak. Depending on how heavy the knock sound is it could be the Big Ends bearings need changing or it if its fainter than that it could be the timing is out. Either way it can cause real damage to the engine and should be repaired as quickly as possible. Have seen exhaust manifold gasket leaks that are described as a 'knock' by inexperienced persons. Normally a knock is piston connecting rod bearings that have gone out.
Oxygen Sensor. Or the Knock Sensor. Or you could check the plugs for faults.
NO, but it will cause bad engine performance
if the engine is knocking you could have bad support bushings for the mouter mounts or your engine could be warped do to excessive heat wear
No all it is is basically a microphone to monitor for noise-nothing to do with the engine running.
No it will not.
It could be the cause of the knock only if the gasket was bad and leaked out almost all the oil.
Worn spark plugs would cause mis-firing or non firing cylinders, both are no good for the engine, replacing the plugs may stop the knock (Could also be a different problem) But you should replace spark plugs as soon as possible.
A knock sensor is a device that senses detonation. Detonation occurs in the engine when the fuel begins to burn prematurely; it can cause substantial damage to the engine.