If the knock sensor failed the CEL (Check Engine Light) would be illuminated and the engine may "ping" or "spark knock" under load. Serious "spark knock" can damage the engine if allowed to continue.
the motor could pre-detonate or "knock" that can cause damage
You have another problem other then the knock sensor if the engine will not start and run. A knock sensor will not cause the engine not to run.
Problem with Knock Sensor circuit #1
No it will not. The knock sensor is used to adjust the timing.
Oxygen Sensor. Or the Knock Sensor. Or you could check the plugs for faults.
yes when it is not working properly
In most cases corrosion will cause a knock sensor to go bad. The knock sensor can also be shorted out by an electrical surge.
Map Sensor
bat motor mounts cause the shaking a knock sensor realizing its shaking is the light get new mounts
your knock sensor could need to be replaced
No it will not.
Nothing will happen to the car if you disconnect the knock sensor. It just will not detect a problem if there happens to be one.