Plate tectonics.
Convection currents.
The reason why is because the tectonic plates never stop moving. When one plate collides with another it causes volcanoes and earthquakes to occur.
it affects it by the earthquakes and volcanoes it causes
Volcanoes can cause lava flows and large amounts of ash. They might be associated with earthquakes as well.
The plates of the earth scrape against each other, and that can cause earthquakes too!
mostly earthquakes or plate tectonic movement.
Earthquakes and volcanoes frequently occur where edges of the earths plates are colliding and or moving away from another.
Volcanoes are caused by the rising of magma in the earths mantle and earthquakes are caused by the colliding of the earths tectonic plates against one another.
A subduction zone is where one plate (usually the ocean plate) dives under another (continental) plate. Friction causes earthquakes along it and melts the rock. The molten rock may have enough pressure to break the surface to form volcanoes.
volcanoes: make the ground crumble and break and cause plates to move and smash earthquakes: makes the ground break and smash together and causes plates because they break when they hit each other.
Plate tectonics causes most volcanoes and earthquakes. When plates converge, diverge, or slip along another plate, volcanoes and earthquakes occur. There are other forms of volcanoes such as the Hawaiian Islands where volcanoes are formed over a hot spot in the mantel, and we have small earthquakes here in Wisconsin called rebound earthquakes where the land is actually still rising from the last ice age when it was depressed by the weight of the glaciers. There are other geophysical events that can create earthquakes too such as fracking.
A geoscientist (specifically a geologist or seismologist) studies natural hazards like volcanoes and earthquakes to better understand their causes, behavior, and potential impacts on human populations. They work to assess and mitigate risks associated with these hazards to protect communities and the environment.