The shifting of tectonic plates which cause sea-floor spreading which is located in mid-ocean ridges.
the effect of a volcano are te blow up , and this is caused by bombs
Openings in the earth's crust that allow magma to reach the surface are called volcanic vents or volcanic fissures. These openings are connected to magma chambers beneath the surface and can lead to volcanic eruptions when magma is expelled through them.
Lava.
The opening of the crust where magma is allowed to reach to the surface is called a fault line.
a volcanic vent
Diamonds are erupted to the surface of the earth by volcanic pipes.
Earthquakes or volcanic activity can change the surface of the Earth.
the unequal heating of the earth's surface and the rotation of the earth
Erosion of surface features.
erosion
plate tectonics
The gravitation pull on the earth.