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Simply by living and breathing in water a fish puts out poisonous Ammonia and other bi products like CO2. In nature this ammonia and CO2 are used up by naturally occurring aerobic bacteria and water plants including algae. In a closed situation like a fish tank a cycled filter is used to biologically convert the poisonous Ammonia into (still poisonous) Nitrite and then into relatively harmless Nitrate. This nitrate can then be used up by plant life and algaes and the excess removed by regular water changes. The above information explains some of the basic rules of fish keeping which are :- 1 inch of fish needs a minimum of 1 gallon of water. :- Every fish tank needs a cylced filter running permanently. :- Every fish tank needs to have at least 50% of its water changed every week. If you follow the above rules you should have very few problems keeping fish. Failure to keep to the rules always results in sick and dying fish.

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