pressure
Because magma is less dense than the surrounding solid rock, it is forced upward toward the surface. When magma reaches the surface and flows from volcanoes, it is called lava.
magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, so it is forced upward to the earth's surface
magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, so it is forced upward to the earth's surface
convection current
The typical cone shape of a volcano happens when sticky lava erupts upward. Sticky lava creates a dome shape and the lava cools slowly.
Lava flows from Cinder Cone volcanoes when pressure from the magma chamber beneath the volcano causes the magma to be forced up to the surface. The lava then flows out of the vent and down the sides of the volcano, often forming steep, narrow streams due to the high viscosity of the lava.
Lava flowing in fields.
Mountains are formed by tectonic plate movement, which can result in plates colliding, pulling apart, or sliding past each other. When plates collide, the immense pressure causes the earth's crust to be forced upward, forming mountain ranges. Additionally, volcanic activity can also contribute to the formation of mountains when lava and ash build up over time.
When lava flows vertically through a layer of rock, it can form volcanic dikes. Dikes are igneous intrusions that cut across existing rock layers, forming when magma is forced upward through fractures in the rock and solidifies in a vertical orientation.
When a volcano throws lava into the air, it is called a lava fountain or a lava fountain eruption. This happens when gas bubbles within the lava force it out of the volcano's vent, causing it to shoot upward in a fiery display.
Lava!
Basaltic magma is forced upward in a vent