Primarily the 16th century, though finished in the 17th. (Constructed 1506-1626)
I can not remember the exact quote from the bible. But it was Jesus who said Peter you are my rock and it is on you that my church shall be built. And depending on whether or not you believe in such things, Peters grave/resting place, is the foundations of Saint Peters Church, Vatican City.
The Vatican is built inside Rome because Saint Peter's Basilica, the central feature of the Vatican, is built around the spot where Saint Peter was crucified. This legitimises the Catholic Church's claim to direct procession from Jesus, from Jesus to Saint Peter the Apostle to the procession to Popes.
in the 14th century!
Basilica Papale di San Pietro was started in 1506 and completed in1626 .
In the late 5th century
Saint Peter of course, one of Jesus's disciples, who was chosen by Christ to be the first leader of the Catholic church, although it would have just been called the Christian one then. The Basilica sits atop the tomb of Saint Peter and is a memorial to him.
Nobody is buried in the altar at Saint Peter's, however, the altar is built directly over the tomb of St. Peter, the first apostle.
The Vatican site was once the site of Caligula's Circus Maximus[later finished by Nero]. The obelisk in the centre of St Peters Square is its only visible remnant surviving today. Tradition holds that this is the same site where St Peter was crucified,and later buried. In 326 the Basilica of St Peter was built, then in the 5th century a palace was constructed near the Basilica by Pope Symmachus. This was the start of the collection of buildings that make up Vatican City.
Beneath Vatican City, indeed below the high altar of St. Peter's Basilica, is found the grave of Saint Peter the Apostle of Jesus and first pope of the Catholic Church.
AnswerThe papal States were a group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from 754 until 1870. They included Vatican City. They were originally given to the papacy by Pepin the Short and reached their greatest extent in 1859. The last papal state the Vatican City was formally established as a separate state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929. They did not "include Vatican City" but St. Peter's basilica, as the Vatican City State came about when it was "established as a separate state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929".
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem.
It was built by Catholics for Catholics.