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The aorta receives blood from the Aortic Valve. The Aortic Valve gets blood from the left ventricle.
If you are talking about where does the blood inside the descending aorta come from, it comes from the aortic arch, which comes from the ascending aorta. If you are talking about the blood that nourishes the tissues of the aorta, it is the vasa vasorum.
Aorta
It will find itself in the left ventricle.
when it just come out from the heart at the aorta
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium. The blood then moves from there to the left ventricle, aorta, and on the rest of the body.
Very poorly. Let's consider the left side of the heart which pumps blood into the aorta, the main artery leading from the heart. At the peak of a contraction (squeeze) of the heart it pumps blood into the aorta. The aorta is very elastic and expands as the squeeze of the heart pushes blood into it. Some of the blood, of course, continues on, and under normal circumstances, the aortic valve then closes, and as the heart fills with blood for the next squeeze, the elasticity of the aorta shrinks the aorta and pumps more blood into the body. If the valve is damaged (or, in your question, absent) then as the aorta's elasticity shrinks it, the blood would be forced back into the heart, not letting new blood come in to be pumped out on the next contraction. Thus the pumping would become very inefficient. It is exactly because of damage like this (aortic insufficiency) that the valve sometimes has to be replaced.
veins
The right and left gonadal arteries, specifically the testicular arteries in men and the ovarian arteries in women. These arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta and come off the aorta at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.
There are blood vessels in the heart. They are the coronary arteries and veins. The cornary arteries are so important that they come off the aorta before any oxygen rich blood goes to any other part of the body.
The blood is sent to the lungs through the pulmonary aorta. It divides into left and right branch. The blood comes from the body. This blood is devoid of oxygen and at times called as impure blood.
The bullet jammed in the gun's chamber. Come into my chamber and sit down.