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In covalent compounds the electrons are bonded to the atoms, so they cannot move outside the molecule.

When ionic compounds like NaCl are dissolved in water, they produce positive and negative ions that can be attracted to the opposite terminal of a battery, so electrons flow off of the negative ions thru the wiring, thru the light bulb and back into the salt water and onto the positive ions.

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The circle with a wave inside represents a battery. In metals like Al and Cu, the electrons are not bonded to one molecule. They are free to move all around the wire. If you were to take the same light bulb, battery and electrodes and use a copper wire to connect the electrodes, the bulb would light.

The voltage of the battery forces electrons on one end of the wire. This produces more electrons than protons in the metal wire. Since the electrons are free to move, electrons will move off the other end of the wire and thru the bulb, causing the wire filament in the bulb to get so hot that it glows.

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