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Lead is a metal with an electronegativity of 2.33. This is very high for a metal. A simple prediction is that reactions with non metals of low electronegativity will form covalent bonds and with non metals of high electronegativity will form bonds which are ionic /covalent borderline. This is essentially what is found, for example, PbO is more ionic than PbS. PbS is essentially ionic but is also a semiconductor- so there is a covalent component to the bonding.

Lead has two oxidation states, lead(II) and lead(IV). the more stable state is lead(II). The first two ionization energies are similar to magnesium. Lead forms Pb2+ salts such as Pb(NO3)2 unlike most lead(II) salts this is soluble in water, and PbSO4 (found in car batteries), which is insoluble, and PbCO3 another insoluble salt called white lead when it was used in paints.

Lead(IV) compounds are not generally ionic - the ion Pb4+ would be highly polarising and would lead to covalent bonding, PbF4 is the most ionic - it is a high melting solid with a structure like SnF4. It is thermally unstable decomposing to produce fluorine.

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11y ago
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12y ago

Type your answer here... It will form a ionic compound with chlorine with formula PbCl2 and PbCl4.

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Q: What charge does lead have when it forms a ion?
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