the X chromosome
Hemophilia is broken into three subcategories; Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, and Hemophilia C. These subcategories designate a person as having a deficiency of one of three specific clotting proteins. Hemophilia A is the deficiency of the protein called Clotting Factor VIII. Hemophilia B is the deficiency of Clotting Factor IX. Hemophilia C is the deficiency of Clotting Factor XI. "Royal" hemophilia is simply a reference to Hemophilia B and is therefore a result of a deficiency in the Clotting Factor IX protein. It is sometimes called the royal disease because it has been known to have been passed through some royal families throughout history.
Yes females can have hemophilia. Although very rare it has been recorded. A female can get hemophilia if her mother is a carrier and her father has it. Like I said, It doesn't happen often but is possible.
Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome. If hemophilia is inherited by a son (1/3 of the cases are spontaneous mutations and not inherited) the gene was passed to him from the mother. If hemophilia is inherited by a daughter the gene could have come from either the mother, father or even both. (if from the father, he himself would have been a hemophiliac) A male only has one X chromosome so if the one he has has the gene for hemophilia he is a hemophiliac. The trait is considered recessive however incomplete dominance is know to occur frequently leading to the trait to at least partially be shown in females with a mutation on only one of their X chromosomes. When this occurs, women can demonstrate the symptoms and have low clotting factor levels similar to their male counterparts. A female with the genes for hemophilia on both X chromosomes will undoubtably have hemophilia as well.
Normally a woman is only a carrier of hemophilia, but if her mother is a carrier and her father has hemophilia the female does have a chance to get it. It is very rare for this to happen but It has been recorded.
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The simple answer is - you can't ! Hemophilia is a genetic medical condition - not a communicable disease. A person is born with the disease. You can't 'catch' it from being in contact with someone - nor is it spread by the person touching surfaces etc. It is treatable - but incurable. A person with Hemophilia has it all their life.
She has 1/2 chance. We can figure out exactly what her parents' genotypes were. Her brother has a Hemophilia allele that he got from his mom. So their mom has at least 1 Hemophilia allele. If she had 2 then she would have Hemophilia. The father cannot have a Hemophilia allele because it would have been expressed. So her chances are 1/2 because her mother has 1 Hemophiliac and 1 normal allele.
Amount of DNA that has been doubled
the trillium flower has 5 large chromosomes which have been referred to as the "Drosophila" of the plant world.
Yes. Chromosomes are DNA that have been wound around histones to form nucleosomes. The nucleosomes that have condensed are what forms the complete chromosomes.
There has been no correlation found between any specific chromosomes and developing spina bifida.
No, Queen Victoria's husband Prince Albert was not a hemophiliac. Hemophilia is a sex linked gene carried on the X Chromosome. If Prince Albert had been a hemophiliac than his sons could not of had hemophilia and all of his daughters would have been carriers. This was not the case however. One of Victoria and Albert's sons had hemophilia and two of their daughters passed the gene on. This means that it was Queen Victoria herself that passed it on, not Albert.