Inclusion
Cross cutting
Igneous rocks can form relatively quickly beneath the Earth's surface, in a matter of years to centuries. The speed of formation depends on factors such as the temperature, pressure, and composition of the magma, as well as the presence of water and other minerals that can affect crystallization rates.
Igneous rocks can disturb sedimentary rock layers and formations by their movement during ascent through such layer. when they make contact with this sedimentary rocks they could result to folding and/or metamorphism.
An igneous rock can be found within a bed of sedimentary rock due to geological processes such as intrusions or volcanic activity. These igneous rocks might have been forced into the sedimentary layers during a period of geological upheaval, creating a mixed rock formation.
Igneous rock can become metamorphic rock through the pathways of regional metamorphism, where intense pressure and heat from tectonic forces transform the rock, or contact metamorphism, where it is altered by high temperatures from nearby magma intrusion.
When magma intrudes rock underground, it can lead to the formation of intrusive igneous features such as dikes, sills, and plutons. These features are formed as the magma solidifies and cools within the existing rock, creating new igneous formations. This process is known as intrusive igneous activity.
Rock on the surface surrounding the volcano will most likely not change. Rock under the surface near the magmatic intrusion that is the source of the volcano could be altered into contact metamorphic rock, altered by heat or heated fluids.
No, but pumice can.
It could be Granite.
An igneous rock could be of any size, from microscopic to miles in diameter.
The sediment from which sedimentary rock is formed originally came from other rocks that weathered away. In some sedimentary rocks, especially breccia and conglomerate, some of those rock fragments can still be identified. If it does not appear to be part of the sediment, there are a few possible explanations depending on their relationship. If there is a layer of igneous rock between sedimentary layers then it could be from a volcanic eruption that occurred during the time of sedimentation, or a sill that intruded between layers after they formed. If the igneous rock appears to cut through the sedimentary rock then it most likely is an intrusion. If there is a piece of igneous rock that happens to be in an area where the local bedrock is sedimentary then it may have been transported there by glaciers.
Igneous rock could appear anywhere on Earth.