socialization
Sociologists refer to tangible or physical human creations as material culture. This includes objects, artifacts, and structures that are produced by society, such as buildings, tools, and art. Material culture reflects the beliefs, values, and behaviors of a particular society.
socialization
In anthropology, laws refer to universal patterns or principles that describe and predict social behavior and cultural practices across different societies. These laws are based on empirical evidence and help researchers understand the underlying mechanisms that shape human societies. However, the concept of universal laws in anthropology is debated, as some argue that human behavior is too complex and diverse to be captured by overarching principles.
the study and classification of human societies
Durkheim used the concept of organic solidarity to refer to social bonds in industrial societies. These bonds are based on the interdependence and cooperation resulting from the division of labor, where individuals rely on each other's specialized skills and contributions. Organic solidarity contrasts with mechanical solidarity, which is based on similarity and shared values in traditional societies.
Industrial societies refers to the societies living in the industrialization era while post industrial societies refer to societies living in areas that have already been developed.
Role expectations.
When sociologists refer to the culture within us, they are referring to the internalized beliefs, values, norms, and practices that individuals acquire through socialization and experience within a specific society. This internalized culture influences our thoughts, behaviors, and perceptions of the world around us.
The antonym for cultural universals is cultural particularism. While cultural universals refer to traits, practices, or values that are common across all human societies, cultural particularism highlights the unique aspects and differences of specific cultures. This concept emphasizes the diverse ways in which cultures express themselves and adapt to their environments.
Sociologists refer to the norms and values that people follow as social norms. These are the unwritten rules and expectations that guide behavior in a society and help maintain social order.
Empirical evidence is evidence that can be confirmed from the senses. This means that it can be seen, heard, felt, tasted, or smelled. Sociologists use this evidence to evaluate the relationships between individual people and groups of people.
"Muntu" is a term derived from Bantu languages, often meaning "human being" or "person." It reflects the concept of humanity and community within various African cultures, emphasizing the interconnectedness of individuals. In some contexts, it can also refer to the essence or spirit of a person. The term is significant in discussions of identity and social relations in many African societies.