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"The Scarlet Letter" is typically depicted as red, symbolizing passion, sin, and shame. The color red is used to represent the main theme of the novel and the scarlet letter itself.
One example of foreshadowing is when Chillingworth is talking to Hester in the dungeon. He keeps saying "He will be known! He will be known! He will be known!" Here, Chillingworth is talking about how he will find out who the father of Hester's child is, as this is the man who wronged both Chillingworth and Hester. Another example is some of the scaffold scenes. In the second scaffold scene, which takes place at night, Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl stand on the scaffold together holding hands. Pearl asks Dimmesdale if they will stand on the scaffold together the next day, in which Dimmesdale replies that they will another day, but not tomorrow. This foreshadows the last scaffold scene, where Dimmesdale calls Hester and Pearl to the scaffold during the Election Procession.
The scaffold, the scarlet letter itself, and Pearl are all devices in "The Scarlet Letter" that symbolize sin and its consequences. The scaffold is where public shaming occurs, the scarlet letter is a physical reminder of Hester's sin, and Pearl embodies the product of Hester's sin.
One example of foreshadowing in "The Scarlet Letter" is when Hester Prynne's daughter Pearl is described as having a wild and uncontrollable nature, which foreshadows the challenges she will pose for Hester in the future. Another example is the initial introduction of the scarlet letter itself, which hints at the shame and punishment that will follow Hester throughout the story.
In the book The Scarlet Letter, the letter itself was to signify that the wearer had committed adultery. Her punishment was to be publicly shamed by displaying her sin for the world to see.
Some stylistic devices in "The Scarlet Letter" include symbolism (e.g. the scarlet letter itself), imagery (descriptive language that appeals to the senses), and irony (e.g. the contrast between the public perception of Hester and her true character). These devices contribute to the novel's themes and help convey the complexities of the characters and their situations.
One pun in The Scarlet Letter occurs when the character Dimmesdale comments on his own guilt, saying it has "a black weeds a twist in his heart," which is a play on words as "weeds" may refer to both unwanted plants and to twisted or tangled threads. Another pun is found in the title itself, as the "scarlet letter" serves as both a literal punishment and a symbol of shame.
In "The Scarlet Letter," Nathaniel Hawthorne uses vivid imagery to bring settings and characters to life. For example, he describes the scaffold where Hester Prynne stands as a "black flower" of shame against the "gray, weather-beaten, and time-worn scaffold." Additionally, he paints a stark image of the scarlet letter itself, describing it as a "spectral hand" that glows on Hester's bosom.
Hester Prynne committed adultery with a colonial town's preacher, Dimmesdale. She was convicted and sentenced to wear a scarlet A on her chest for the rest of her days. She also had to stand upon the town's pillory the first day out of jail so everyone would know who she was. Hester also had a child by this adultery escapade, and her name was Pearl. Pearl helped her through with her deals of being an adulteress, but Hester often thought of her as someone else's child. Meanwhile, Dimmesdale is tortered mentally because Hester will not say who she commited adultery with and Dimmesdale will not come out and say it himself. Hester's husband came to her while she was in jail and spoke with her. He made her promise that she would not say that she was his wife, and he changed his name to Robert Chillingworth. During the story, Chillingworth tries to find out who she commited adultery with so he can take revenge. Eventually, Dimmesdale becomes so sick, Chillingworth takes him in and takes care of him. (Chillingworth is the town's doctor) He suspects that the town reverend is the one guilty of this crime, but is careful about what he does about it. Over time, Hester becomes more callous to the insults and takes a more active role in the community. Towards the end of the story, Chillingworth gave her permission to say who he was. Hester soon met with Dimmesdale in the woods and told him. They planned to escape back to England with Pearl on a ship that came in port. Dimmesdale's health became better and Hester continued with her plans. When the time came, Dimmesdale gave a sermon to the town, which the town considered to be his best. During his sermon, Hester learns that Chillingworth knows who Dimmesdale is and about their plans. Chillingworth had manage to make himself the doctor aboard their ship of escape. However, Dimmesdale also reveals his crime to the town and falls to the ground, ill. Pearl and Hester rush to see him, and Pearl finally gets to kiss her father. Dimmesdale dies at the end and Chillingworth becomes enraged. In the Epilogue, Hester had made it to another land and it is unknown what had happened to Pearl. It does mention that Pearl did send many sentimental things to her mother and things to take care of her, but Hester did nothing with them. Hester eventually moved back to that town that had sentenced her to her punishment and wore the scarlet letter once again. She was buried next to Dimmesdale, but with enough dirt to separate the two eternally. Her grave marker was marked a scarlet A.
Hawthorne makes it fairly explicit that Pearl is the symbolic representation of Hester Prynne's scarlet letter: she is the product of her adultery, and as she grows, Pearl comes to embody the letter itself. When she sees her mother and Dimmesdale in the forest, then, the absence of the scarlet letter makes her mother foreign to her. The scarlet letter is her connection to her mother; in a way, she is the scarlet letter. To see her mother without it, then, is as if to see a stranger. The letter has consumed and subsumed Hester so much that without the letter, she is not the same person. Any distance between Hester and letter is, to Pearl, an impossibility, so thoroughly has Hester's life become her adultery, and taking it off is to make her unrecognizable to her daughter.
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The book itself takes place in New England, which is where Puritans migrated to. Therefore, the people are highly religious Christians, and heavy punishment is given to anyone that breaks the beliefs of the Bible.