Pain killers, in general Opiates. Also recent recreational opiate use (e.g. heroin).
Sometimes diazepam can cause this as well, among other prescription meds.
The same as ours do... light constricts (smaller), darkness dilates (larger) the pupil.
My experience is that it constricts them, making your pupils look like pin dots.
The phrase that means that someone's pupils contract when a bright light is shone into their eyes is "pupils reactive" ... they react to the light. If they don't react to the light, they'd be described as "pupils fixed and dilated."
The part of the nervous system that controls the opening and closing of the pupils in response to light is the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The parasympathetic nervous system, through the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, constricts the pupils in bright light, while the sympathetic nervous system dilates the pupils in low light conditions. This reflexive response is known as the pupillary light reflex.
Your pupils will expand as the light dims at twilight, or if in a darkish room. Becoming sexual excited or looking at pornography will also expand the pupils. Using drugs is another cause of expanding pupils, though some drugs will narrow the pupils.
Alcohol dilates peripheral blood vessels, but has been known to actuallyconstrict some blood vessels in the brain, lowering the oxygen content.
Pontine lesions can affect the fibers of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which is responsible for pupil constriction. Damage to this area can result in unopposed sympathetic input, causing the pupils to become pinpoint due to prolonged pupillary constriction.
The constriction of pupils in response to bright light is called the pupillary light reflex. If the light is shining directly into one eye, then the pupil in that eye will constrict (a direct response), but so will the pupil in the non-illuminated eye (a consensual response).This reflex involves two cranial nerves: the optic nerve, which senses the light, and the oculomotor nerve, which constricts both pupils. It is considered involuntary since you don't think about it.
The correct term depends on the context. "Pupils" refers to multiple students or learners, while "pupils'" is the possessive form, indicating something that belongs to the pupils (e.g., "the pupils' books"). Use "pupils" when referring to the students themselves and "pupils'" when indicating possession.
The opposite of dilated pupils is constricted pupils.
batuta
It constricts it shortens