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One way to check evolution is to compare genomes.

Another even more direct method is by observing instances of speciation in nature, such as the acquisition of novel traits in bacteria (antibiotic resistance) or the inability to interbreed (various insects, chichlid fishes, etc.)

The fossil record provides excellent indirect evidence for evolution. None of the mammals that exist today can be found in paleozoic or mesozoic strata. The fossil record tells us mass extinctions occurred multiple times through geologic history, followed by periods of fairly rapid diversification as new ecological niches were subsequently filled.

Flowering plants are rife in the current Cenozoic fossil record, but entirely absent from the paleozoic, and only a few primitive forms are known from the late mesozoic. This indirect evidence is highly suggestive of an evolutionary process.

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