all countries that have access to water
Perth and Melbourne use it in Australia because they are near the sea, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and several Persian Gulf countries use desalination plants as well given the amount of desert they contain.
Illinois does not need desalination plants. It has plenty of fresh water from Lake Michigan.
Most desalination plants in the Middle East are on the Arab coastline of the Persian Gulf in countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. However, some are starting to be built in Israel as well.
They have them because some countries don't have fresh water and the only water is sea water.
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desalination plants
Australian cities are planning to build desalination plants to get more water ready to use instead of waiting for it to rain
No they don't, Africans drink straight from the Nile river, which contains hundreds of wildlife species, including alligators, frogs, fungus and fish. They cannot afford a desalination plant, and desalinations plants clean salt out of the salt water.
Desalination has very high energy requirements and since most countries with desalination plants do not have nuclear power, it results in the burning of lots of more coal. Additionally, the methods by which salt is removed from water create a resulting "salt-slurry" which is ejected as waste in to the original saltwater body. This salt-slurry makes the area around the desalination plant poisonous for the local sea-life.However, in almost every case, the positives of desalination outweigh these negatives.