It can cause the head gaskets to blow. This must be repaired before driving again. If really overheated, you can blow your engine. This would need replacing.
Each car overheats at a different temperature you need to look up and find out on the internet
YES
car accidents and damages
It usually catches on fire as seen at Monaco with one of the Marussia's. It can happen when the car is stationary for too long as they have no fans. Only air cooled radiators. The engineers can see the data so they may ask to save the engine before it damages itself but it really depends how quickly it does overheat. When the car overheats, damage can be done to fuel lines, exhaust systems and even the pistons.
Shorts out and overheats or has too much resistance for some other reason and overheats.
Car overheats, your heat in your car stops working
Poor coolant circulation in the cooling system.
it can..rain has NOTHING to do with your radiator or the thermostat
Your question is not clear...
Only until it overheats.
Oil on engine burning as engine overheats. Sort of common sense, don't ya think?
The owner of the car that caused your damages will be responsible to pay damages to you unless you live in a no-fault state. In that case, your insurance pays for your damages.