1) Hubble Constant, indicating a Universe of age 13.7 billion years
2) Spectrum and isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
3) Percentage of hydrogen and helium in all parts of our Universe.
4) Ratio of long-lived radioactive isotopes to their decay products, showing an age of about 12 billion years.
5) Distance to nearest quasar.
If any of the above were missing or substantially different from the predictions of Big Bang Cosmology, then scientists would have empirical reasons to doubt that cosmology. As of yet, no difference between observation and the predictions of BBC have been found.
If a hypothesis is supported by new data gathered over a period of time, it may become a theory. A theory is a well-supported explanation that has been extensively tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.
Hypothesis or a scientific theory.
There is currently no observational data that fundamentally conflicts with the Big Bang model. There are however some people that have trouble accepting the model: they are very much against it.
A set of data that has been gathered and organised, could be said to be a database or a dataset.
completeness check
The "analyze and draw conclusions" step of the scientific method is based on gathered data.
The information gathered from observations is called data. Data can be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (measurable), and it forms the basis for analysis and drawing conclusions.
data
The data
The data
The "analyze and draw conclusions" step of the scientific method is based on gathered data.
The "Truth in Lending and Consumer Leasing Acts" allow borrowers to sue a creditor or credit bureau that verifies incorrect data about his or her credit history.