What deos gender mean?

Answer 1

Gender has a number of meanings.

In common speech, it's often just a synonym for "biological sex," i.e. whether one is male or female.

In sociology and psychology, it refers to sexual identity and sex-related social roles.

In linguistics, gender defines a system of noun classification and agreement that is often correlated with sex but doesn't need to be. Most of the familiar Western languages have sex-related gender systems, as do Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Arabic. In gendered languages, adjectives (and sometimes verbs, as in Semitic languages) generally agree in gender with their associated nouns. Some nouns have a grammatical gender that matches their natural gender (i.e., their sex), but some do not; the Latin word petra is feminine, even though there's nothing inherently female about a rock. There are some gender systems where the opposition is not sex-related at all, but rather animate/inanimate or person/nonperson. The Swahili system of noun classification, which has more than a dozen separate agreement classes, is also sometimes referred to as a gender system.