The Israelites used the Jewish Ten Commandments as the basis for their legal system.
-Apex
This question makes no sense. The Israelites never delivered the Ten Commandments to non-Israelites either physically (i.e. gave them tablets or papers) or orally (in speeches or conversation). Jews traditionally credit God with the delivery of the Ten Commandments to the Jewish people, but this is something else entirely.
Shavuot ("Weeks"), seven weeks after Passover.
They established codes of conduct that God expected his followers to obey.
The Torah (Exodus ch.19) states explicitly that God dictated them directly to the assembled Jewish nation, 3324 years ago.
God gave them to the Israelites (Exodus ch.19-20). Later, certain other nations recognized the importance of the Ten Commandments and adopted them (along with some additional Jewish concepts).
One of the Jewish Ten Commandments is "You shall not murder," which prohibits the intentional taking of another person's life.
The Jewish people are descendants of the Israelites.
They didn't. The Ottomans arrived in Anatolia and the Levant in the mid 1200s C.E. The Israelites had been replaced by the Judeans (as a political and religious grouping) by the mid 600s B.C.E. and the Judeans had been exiled from Judea by 70 C.E. The Ottomans had positive relations with the Jewish communities (especially relative to contemporaneous civilizations) but had no influence on the Israelites.
The commandments were given to Moses and actually there were 600 commandments before the Catholic Church made it 10 in the Middle Ages. These commandments were given to the Jewish people.
The Torah did have, and still has, 613 commandments, according to Jewish tradition.
No. Tradition holds that Jewish history began with Abraham, about 500 years before the giving of the 10 commandments.
There are two slightly different versions of the 10 commandments, one in Exodus, one in Deuteronomy. Jews generally refer to the 10 statements, since some of the statements are not in the form of commandments. The 2 versions of the 10 commandments differ in whether we are commanded to keep the Sabbath or to Remember it. Jews believe that the 10 commandments are only binding on Jews, while the 7 Noachide commandments are binding on all mankind.